Bsc 1st year chemistry important questions Pdf 2022–2023

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 Bsc 1st year chemistry important questions Pdf 2022–2023:–

Covalent bond :-

Covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of electron between the combining atoms (same or different)  and the compound so formed is called covalent bond.  For example H२ , Cl२, N२,  H२O,  etc. 

Resonance :-

Valece bond theory of bonding describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules. according to Valecey bond theory formed by the interaction of two shared bonding electrons the representation of a molecule is called Lewis structures represent the molecule. Each of the valence bond structure represent a specific Lewis structure. This form the basis of resonance theory. 

VANDERWAAL FORCES:-

The force of attraction between the molecules of a substance when they are sufficiently close to each other are known as Vander Waal forces or cohesive forces or dispersion forces. Vander Waal forces are stronger in solid and weaker in gaseous state, Vander waal forces are relatively weaker than the covalent bond and hydrogen bond with in the molecules. These are short range forces (upto 10-7 em). Vander Waal forces originate from three types of interactions.

Hydrogen Bonding :-

 A special type of dipole-dipole interaction, existing between the molecules having hydrogen atom bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as F, O, N, is known as hydrogen bonding.

Hardware:-

Hardware is a term used for all the physical parts of a computer which we can see, touch or feel. The physical components and equipments which make up a computer system are called hardware. Hardware also includes any accessories attached to a computer like printer, modem, external hare devices and scanners. The hardware components of the computer consists of three basic units viz. Input unit, processing unit and output unit. Hardware consists of the following components.

Software:-

Software is a set of computer programs used to process the data. It is that part of computer which we cannot see. The computers perform different functions at different places e.g. schools, hospitals, banks, railways, airlines etc. because different sets of software are used at different places. Software is generally divided into two categories:

1. System Software

2. Application Software