Class 12th English lesson 1 ( the Last lesson answers questions:–
(A) Explanations
Explain with reference to the context the following passages: निम्नलिखित गद्यांशों की संदर्भ सहित व्याख्या कीजिए
1. When I passed________plenty of time!"
Reference to the Context:
The above given passage has been taken from the chapter The Last Lesson' written by 'Alphonse Daudet. In this passage, the protagonist is shown in a hurry and ignoring everybody during the way to school.
Explanation: When the protagonist was going to school, he saw a crowd in front of the bulletin- board which since last two years was giving them all bad news about the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer. The hero of the story was thinking about the matter, without stop- ping.
He didn't stop and ran fast. The blacksmith, wachter with his apprentice reading the news called him saying that the protagonist had sufficient time to reach to school and therefore there was no need to run fast.
2. Usually, when school _____________ frightened I was.
Reference to the Context: This para has been taken from the chapter The Last Lesson' written by 'Alphonse Daudet. In this para, the situation of school that day is described and the way how the protagonist entered in M. Hamel's class.
Explanation: In a usual way, in the school, a great bustle-too much noise can be heard even from the far, the sound of the opening and closing of desks, the lessons which are repeated combindly by the students in a very loud voice, keeping their hands over their ears for better understanding and the sound of the teacher's terrible ruler (stick) rapping on the table, and these all sounds were common in a daily routine. But that day, when the hero of the story reached school, no sound was there and everything was still. He entered sneakly to reach to his seat. The silence there was like a day of sunday. All his classmates were sitting in their places and M. Hamel was walking silently up and down with his ruler. He (the protagonist) had to open the door and facing everybody, enter in the class. He is asking to the readers that we can imagine his condition as how he might ashamed and fearful.
3. My last French__________cranky he was.
Reference to the Context: This para has been taken from the lesson The Last Lesson' written by Alphonse Daudet. In this para, Franz came to know about the last French lesson and the realization and the importance of his teacher.
Explanation: Franz was surprised when he came to know that it was his last French lesson that day and he was even not able to write. He realized that he would not get the chance to learn his language French again. He blamed himself as he used to go to seek birds' eggs and going sliding on the Saar (a river in North eastern France), Franz, who felt his books a nuisance earlier, his grammar and history of the saints which were heavy to carry, were his old friends for him at that time and then he couldn't forget those all. He couldn't forget M. Hamel also as he came to know that he would never see his master again because he too was going/learning school due to the orders from Berlin. At that, Franz, forgot about his teacher's ruler and his crankyness.
4. Your parents were__________you a holiday?"
Reference to the Context: The para has been taken from the chapter The Last Lesson' written by 'Alphonse Daudet'. This para, tells about the blaming by M. Hamel for not studying French.
Explanation: M. Hamel, at the end of the chapter, started to blame everybody including himself for not studying French. He blamed that the parents of the students were never ready and excited to make them learn. They preferred their kids to work on a farm or at the mills to earn little bit more money. He blamed himself also as he had sent them (the students) to water his flowers in place of their studies. Whenever M. Hamel wanted to go for fishing, he used to give the students a holiday. So, everybody was being blamed.
5. But he had__________ that last lesson!
Reference to the Context: This para has been taken from the lesson The Last Lesson' written by 'Alphonse Daudet. In this para, the continuous sequenced study is described and about a character Hauser and his way of studying is being told.
Explanation: Franz was mentally prepared later for that thunderclap. After the writing, they studied history and then the little babies read alphabet. There, an old student of M. Hamel, Hauser was also sitting at the back of the room and he had put on his spectales and, holding his primer in both hands, spelled the letters with them. That person old Hauser was too crying and his voice was trembling with emotion but Franz found that scene very funny. His way of crying and reciting got missed and there was some different pronunciation. At that, they wanted to laugh and cry both. Laugh because of that style and cry because of the actual reason of that scene. Franz realised that in the most perfect way, he learnt his French lesson, the last lesson, that day.
(B) Short Answer Type Questions
Answer the following questions in not more than 30-40 words each: (निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में लिखिए:)
1. What was the bulletin board? How was it important? (बुलेटिन बोर्ड क्या था? यह कैसे महत्वपूर्ण ?)
Ans. In those days, the bulletin-board was fixed at the main crowded places and was the only medium to convey the messages and news to the common mass. It was important because it was the only mode of communication between the officials and the public. उन दिनों, बुलेटिन बोर्ड मुख्य भीड़ वाले इलाकों (स्थानों) में लगाए जाते थे और आम जनमानस को संदेश व सर देने का एकमात्र साधन था। यह महत्त्वपूर्ण था क्योंकि अधिकारियों और जनता (समाज के लोगों) के बीच बातचीत का एकमात्र माध्यम था।
2. What did M. Hamel say when Franz reached to the school? (एम. हेमल ने क्या कहा जब स्कूल पहुँचा ?)
Ans. When Franz reached to the school, M. Hamel saw him and said kindly to go to his place quickly and they had been beginning without him.
जब फ्रेन्ज स्कूल पहुँचा, एम. हेमल ने उसे देखा और बहुत दयालुता से कहा कि वह शीघ्रता से अपने स्थान पर चला जाए और वे उसके बिना ही शुरू करने वाले थे।
3. What did M. Hamel speak first in the class that day about the last lesson? उस दिन एम. हेमल ने पहली बार कक्षा में आखिरी पाठ के बारे में क्या बोला?
Ans. M. Hamel said addressing his children that it was the last lesson he would give them. The order had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new master would come the next day. That was their last French lesson. He wanted them to be very attentive.
एम0 हेमल ने बच्चों को सम्बोधित करते हुए कहा कि वह आखिरी पाठ था जो वह उन्हें देगें एल्से और लॉरन के स्कूलों में केवल जर्मन पढ़ाने के लिए बर्लिन से आदेश आ चुके थे। नया मास्टर (अध्यापक) अगले दिन आएगा। वह उनका आखिरी फ्रेन्च पाठ था। वह उनको काफी एकाग्रचित चाहता था।
4. What did Franz think after hearing about the last lesson? आखिरी पाठ के बारे में सुनने के बाद फ्रेन्ज ने क्या सोचा?
Ans. After hearing about the last lesson, Franz thought that he hardly knew how to write, he should never learn any more, how sorry he was for not learning his lessons, for seeking birds' eggs or going sliding on the Saar.
आखिरी पाठ के बारे में सुनने के बाद, फ्रेन्ना ने सोचा कि वह मुश्किल से ही लिखना जानता था, वह और अधिक कभी नहीं सीख सकता, अपने पाठों को याद नहीं कर पाने के कारण वह बहुत दुःखी था, चिड़ियों के अण्डों को ढूंढने अथवा सार (नदी) पर फिसलने के लिए चला जाता था।
5. Did Franz rocite the participles? How? (क्या फ्रेन्ज ने पार्टीसिपल (उत्प्रेरक) को दोहराया? कैसे ?)
Ans. Yes, Franz rocited the participles. He recited the participles wrongly as he got mixed up on the first words and stood there, holding on to his desk and his heart was beating.
हाँ, फ्रेन्ज ने पार्टिसिपल्स को दोहराया। उसने पार्टिसिपिल्स को गलत दोहराया क्योंकि उसने प्रारम्भिक शब्दों को मिला दिया और अपनी डेस्क को पकड़े हुए वहाँ पर खड़ा रहा तथा उसका हृदय धड़क रहा था।
6. Whom did M. Hamel blame for the ignorance in studies ? Why ?
एम. हेमल ने पढ़ाई को नजरअंदाज करने के लिए किसको आरोपित किया? क्यों?
Ans. Firstly for the ignorance in studies M. Hamel blamed the students because they delayed the studies, then he blamed their parents who preferred them to work on a farm or at the mills, and then he blamed himself too, for giving them holidays.
एम0 हेमल ने पढ़ाई को नजरअंदाज करने के लिए सबसे पहले विद्यार्थियों को आरोपित किया क्योंकि उन्होंने पढ़ाई को टाला था, फिर उसने उनके माता-पिता को आरोपित किया जो उन्हें (बच्चों को) खेत अथवा मिल पर कार्य करवाना बेहतर समझते थे तथा उनको छुट्टियाँ देने के लिए फिर उसने स्वयं को भी आरोपित किया।
7. What did M. Hamel say about the language and its importance?
एम. हेमल ने भाषा और उसके महत्त्व के बारे में क्या कहा ?
Ans. M. Hamel said that the French language was the most beautiful language in the world-the clearest, the most logical. He further said that they must guard it among them and never forgot it.
एम0 हेमल ने कहा कि फ्रेन्च भाषा विश्व की सर्वाधिक सुन्दर भाषा है सबसे स्वच्छ, सबसे तार्किक उसने आगे कहा कि उन्हें उनके बीच उसकी रक्षा करनी चाहिए और कभी भी उसे नहीं भूलना चाहिए।
8. What did Franz think about the pigeons ? Why ? (फ्रेन्ज ने कबूतरों के बारे में क्या सोचा? क्यों ?)
Ans. Franz thought about the pigeons that if they (Germans) would make them sing in German He thought so when he heard the pigeons cooed very low on the roof.
फ्रेन्ज ने कबूतरों के बारे में सोचा कि क्या वे (जर्मन लोग उन्हें जर्मन भाषा में गवा पाएँगे। उसने ऐसा सोचा जब उसने कबूतरों को छत पर बहुत धीमी आवाज में कू करते (बोलते) हुए सुना।
9. What did M. Hamel observe there at last? (आखिर में एम. हेमल ने वहाँ क्या गौर किया?)
Ans. At last, M. Hamel observed everything in the classroom. He observed desks and benches, the walnut-trees in the garden, the hopvine and the other things as he wanted to fix those in his mind.
आखिर में, एम० हेमल ने कक्षा में प्रत्येक चीज का निरीक्षण (पर गौर किया। उसने हेस्कों और भैन्चों, बागीचे में अखरोट के पेड़ों, होपवाइन (एक प्रकार की बेल) तथा दूसरी चीजों का निरीक्षण किया जैसे कि वह उनको अपने दिमाग (याददास्त ) में जमा देना (रखना चाहता था।
10. What happened when Church-clock struck twelve? (क्या हुआ जब चर्च की घड़ी में बारह बजे ?)
Ans. When Church-Clock struck twelve then there was the Angelus and the trumpets of the Prussians Soldiers. M. Hamel stood up and taking a piece of chalk, wrote, Vive La France".
जब चर्च की घड़ी ने बारह बार तब वहाँ एन्जलस (प्रार्थना हुई और प्रशियाई सैनिकों की तुरहियाँ बजी एम हेमल उठ खड़े हुए और चॉक का टुकड़ा लेते हुए लिखा, 'वाइय ला फ्रांस (फ्रांस अमर रहे।
(C) Long Answer Type Questions
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words each: (निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए:)
1. Why was Franz running towards school that day? What did he notice during the way?
उस दिन स्कूल की तरफ क्यों भागा जा रहा था? रास्ते में उसने क्या गौर किया?
Ans. That day, Franz was running towards the school because he was very late and was in great dread of a scolding. Actually, his teacher M. Hamel had said that he would question them on participles and Franz didn't know the first word about them. So, he was in double
terror-not knowing about participles and getting late.
In the way, he noticed the birds chirping at the edge of the woods, the Prussian soldiers drilling in the open field back of the sawmill and it was all much more tempting than the rule for participles. When he passed the town hall, then he was called by blacksmith, Wachter, who was there with his apprentice.
उस दिन, फ्रेन्ज स्कूल की तरफ भागा जा रहा था क्योंकि उसे बहुत देर हो गई थी और डॉट जाने के भयंकर भय से प्रसित था। वास्तव में, उसके शिक्षक एम० हेमल ने कहा था कि वह उनसे पार्टिसिपल्स (उत्प्रेरकों) पर प्रश्न पूछेंगे और उनके बारे में पहला शब्द (एक शब्द) भी नहीं जानता था। अतः वह दोहरे भय में था उत्प्रेरकों के बारे में नहीं जानना और देरी हो जाना।
रास्ते में, उसने टहनियों के किनारों पर बैठी हुई चिड़ियों के चहचहाने पर गौर किया, सी मिल (चीरघर के पीछे खुले मैदान में प्रशियाई सैनिकों को अभ्यास करते हुए देखा तथा वह सब उत्प्रेरकों के नियम से कहीं ज्यादा आकर्षक था। जब उसने टाऊन हॉल पार किया, तब उसे लोहार, वॉचर, जो वहाँ अपने सहायकों के साथ थे के द्वारा बुलाया गया।
2. What was the scene inside the class when Franz reached to the school?
जब फ्रेन्ज स्कूल पहुँचा तब कक्षा के अन्दर क्या दृश्य था ?
Ans. When Franz reached to the school, he found everything so still as Sundays. Through the window, he saw his classmates, already in their places, and M. Hamel was walking up and down with the terrible iron ruler under his arm. He saw his teacher M. Hamel wearing his beautiful green coat, he saw the village people, sitting quietly on the back benches including old Hauser, the former Mayor, the former Postmaster and several others. So, everything and everybody was still and silent that day.
जब फ्रेन्ज स्कूल पहुँचा, उसने सबकुछ रविवार की तरह शांत पाया। खिड़की से उसने अपने सहपाठियों को अपने स्थानों पर बैठा पाया, और एम० हेमल अपनी बाँह के नीचे अपनी डरावनी लोहे की छड़ी को लेकर आगे पीछे चल रहे थे। उसने अपने शिक्षक एम0 हेमल को उनके सुन्दर हरे कोट को पहने हुए देखा, उसने गाँव के लोगों को बूढ़े हॉशर, भूतपूर्व मेयर, भूतपूर्व पोस्टमास्टर और अनेकों दूसरे लोगों के साथ शांति से बैठे हुए देखा। सब कुछ और सब लोग उस दिन ठहरे हुए और शांत थे।
3. How did the announcement of the last lesson affect Franz?
आखिरी पाठ की घोषणा ने फ्रेन्ज पर कैसे प्रभाव डाला?
Ans. The announcement of the last lesson affected Franz in a very deep manner. Those words were a thunderclap for him. He started to think about his mother tongue French. He thought that he hardly knew how to write and he should never learn any more. He was feeling sorry for not learning his lessons. His books, that had seemed such a nuisance a while ago, which were so heavy to carry, his grammar, and his history of the saints, were felt old friends by him. The idea that his master was going away, that he should never see him again, made him forget all about his ruler and how cranky he was. So, in total, the announcement of the last lesson, made Franz realized the importance of the native language.
आखिरी पाठ की घोषणा ने फ्रेन्स को बहुत गहराई से प्रभावित किया। वो शब्द उसके लिए कुठाराघात के समान थे। उसने अपनी मातृभाषा फ्रेंच के बारे में सोचना शुरू किया। उसने सोचा कि वह मुश्किल से ही जानता था कि कैसे लिखा जाए और वह कभी भी और अधिक नहीं सीख पाएगा। वह अपने पाठों को याद न करने के लिए दुखी महसूस कर रहा था। उसकी पुस्तकें, जो एक पल पहले परेशानी थी, जिनको ले चलना बहुत भारी (मुश्किल था, उसका व्याकरण, और उसके महापुरुषों का इतिहास, उसके द्वारा पुराने मित्र महसूस किए गए। यह विचार कि उसके मास्टर (शिक्षक) दूर जा रहे थे, कि वह उन्हें कभी भी नहीं देख पाएगा, उसे उसके रूलर (छड़ी) के बारे में भुला दिया और यह कि वह कितना सख्त था।
अतः कुल मिलाकर, आखिरी पाठ की घोषणा ने, फ्रेन्ज को मूल भाषा के महत्त्व का एहसास करा दिया।
4. In which way did M. Hamel blame himself and others for the negligence of the study of French language?
एम. हेमल ने स्वयं को व दूसरों को फ्रेन्च भाषा के अध्ययन में नजरअंदाजी करने के लिए कैसे आरोपित किया?
Ans. M. Hamel didn't scold Franz. He said that he must feel bad enough. Actually he was highly distressed and said that where they had come out. He said that they had all a great deal to reproach themselves with.
M. Hamel blamed their parents as they were, not anxious enough to have them learn. They preferred to put them to work on a farm or at the mills to earn little bit more money. M. Hamel blamed students because they used to delay studies saying that they had plenty of time. At the same time, he blamed himself also as he used to give them holidays for his going for watering his flowers and fishing.
In this way, M. Hamel blamed everyone for the negligence of the study of French language
एम0 हेमल ने फ्रेन्ज को नहीं डाँटा। उसने कहा कि उसे काफी बुरा महसूस करना चाहिए। वास्तव में, वह अत्यधिक उदास था और कहा कि वे कहाँ आ गए थे। उसने कहा कि उन सभी के पास स्वयं का तिरस्कार करने के लिए बहुत कुछ था। एम0 हेमल ने उनके (विद्यार्थियों के) माता-पिता को आरोपित किया क्योंकि वे उनको पढ़ाने में अधिक इच्छुक नहीं थे। उन्होंने उनको खेत पर या मिलों (कारखानों) में थोड़ा सा ज्यादा पैसा कमाने के लिए कार्य कराने को वरीयता दी। एम० हेमल ने विद्यार्थियों को आरोपित किया क्योंकि वे पढ़ाई को यह कहकर कि उनके पास बहुत समय था, टाल दिया करते थे। साथ-साथ, उसने स्वयं को भी आरोपित किया क्योंकि वह उन्हें फूलों को पानी देने और मछली पकड़ने के लिए छुट्टियाँ दे दिया करते थे। इस प्रकार एम0 हेमल ने फ्रेन्च भाषा की नजरअंदाजी के लिए सभी को आरोपित किया।
5. What happened at last ? How did M. Hamel last the class?
अन्त में क्या हुआ ? एम. हेमल ने किस प्रकार कक्षा का अन्त किया ?
Ans. At last the Church-clock struck twelve and then the Angelus. The trumpets of the Prussians, returning from drill, sounded under their windows. M. Hamel stood up. He was looked very pale. He tried to say something but something choked his throat. Actually, he was unable to speak due to the pain of farewell and the last day in that town. So, he couldn't goon speaking any more. Then he turned to the blackboard, took a piece of chalk and wrote as large as he could-"Vive La France!" Then he stopped and leaned his head against the wall, and without a word, made a gesture to them with his hand- "School is dismissed-you may go."
अन्त में, चर्च की पड़ी ने बारह बजाए और उसके बाद प्रार्थना हुई। प्रशियाइयों की तुरहियों की आवाज, अभ्यास से लौटने हुए, उनकी खिड़कियों के नीचे से सुनाई दे रही थी एम० हेमल उठ खड़े हुए। वह बहुत पीले (कमजोर) दिख रहे थे। उन्होंने कुछ कहने का प्रयास किया परन्तु कुछ चीज ने उनका गला बन्द कर (रोक) दिया। वास्तव में, वह विदाई तथा कस्बे में आखिरी दिन होने के कष्ट के कारण बोलने में सक्षम नहीं थे। अतः, वह और ज्यादा आगे नहीं बोल पाए। फिर वह ब्लैकबोर्ड की तरफ मुड़े, चॉक का एक टुकड़ा लिया और जितना बड़ा लिख सकते थे, लिखा "Vive La France!" "फ्रांस अमर रहे।"
फिर वह रुके और अपना सिर दीवार के सहारे टिका दिया, और बिना किसी शब्द के अपने हाथ से उनके लिए इशारा किया
"स्कूल (विद्यालय) खत्म हुआ आप जा सकते हैं।"
1 Comments
thankyou brother
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