Bsc 1st year chemistry important questions 2023 - 2024:-
Covalent bond:-
Covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the combining atoms (same or different) and the compound so formed is called covalent compound.
RESONANCE :-
Valence bond theory of bonding describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules.
According to valence bond theory formed by the interaction of two shared bonding electrons the representation of a molecule is called Lewis structures represent the molecule. Each of the valence bond structure represent a specific Lewis structure. This forms the basis of resonance theory .
Vanderwaal forces:-
The force of attraction between the molecules of a substance when they are sufficiently close to each other are known as Vander Waal forces or cohesive forces or dispersion forces.
Hydrogen bonding:-
A special type of dipole-dipole interaction, existing between the molecules having hydrogen atom bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as F, O, N, is known as hydrogen bonding.
Solvation energy:-
When a solute dissolves in a solvent then that process is known as solvation. When the solvent used to dissolve a solute is water then process is called hydration. Ionic solids generally dissolves in polar solvents like H₂O, NH3, SO2, etc.
During solvation, there is interaction between the ions of ionic solid and the solvent molecules due to which energy is released. This released energy is known as Solvation energy.
Lattice energy:-
Lattice energy may be defined as "Amount of energy released when one mole of an ionic crystal is formed from its constituent atom in the gaseous state".
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